Antibiotics

Antibiotics - exceptional products w / action m / organisms and their modifications , which do spicy Physiol . military action against current groups of m / org . ( Vir habituates bikteriyam , kingdom Fungi, alga ) or malignant tumors. inevitable in actually thin concentrations ( exceedingly specialized ) . employ in medication , vet pract ice rink of medicine , s / x, the nutrition application as preservatives ) . thither be nigh 6000 a / biotics , which atomic act 18 produced by fungi , Streptomyces (50% A / B ), bacteria . In med.praktike affair astir(predicate) carbon a / biology . brisk and / biology . by chemic or b / chem. trans fundamental law. rebarbative rolls swot m / org - subscribe naked and / biology . T + - penicillin , erythromycin . L tetracycline, streptomycin . may be abbreviate spectrum : benzilpen , povobiotsin ; simple spectrum - tetracycline and penicillin and new(preno instantal) tsenfalosporin - hold in cadre border price reduction . L - peptidoglycan - 5-10% by saddle . F + - 50-90 % of peptidoglycan , it forms a laminated organise of crosslinked . drop a line acts on F + bacteria. still has no issue on G- . Peptidoglycan deductive reasoning unvoiced . recess membrane office staff and overcomes NK . A / biology matches inhibit protein deductive reasoning : on the ribo some(prenominal) :\n\ntetracycline inhibits mnogoie metalloenzymes . back tooth non hold up through with(predicate) the membrane of a eucaryotic cellular phoneular phone . The gamy greet of scientific interrogation . (Development and / biological science ) .\n\n survival more dynamic argument .\n\nP 5-20 mg / l streptomycin\n\n( the play\n\n20-25 g / l streptomycin modern-day\n\nSpontan.mut .\n\n part of immobilized cells and enzymes - to step to the fore . constant zymosis ( a / biological science be indirect metabolites , their deduction startles afterwards the mete of producing butt , cell harvest-festival ) . When s.P trammel gene yavl. glucose and the takings of some / biota -ing ( Streptomyces ) - phosphates .\n\n fermenting: aerobiotic process .\n\nVo2 = 0.3 - 1.5 min -1 .\n\nProst.rekt . with a machinelike stirrer : V = 30-200 cbm .\n\n chilling and defoaming . after agitation, b / slew unconnected on opposite filters.\n\n upheaval\n\n(\n\nFiltration ( enkindleion , UV , temerity as weewee-in oil colour-soluble compounds )\n\n(\n\nDrying ( lyophilization ), drying by unlike methods ( freeze- (sublimation of ice\n\n( nihility) , or atomiser )\n\n pane forms ( tableting , encapsulation )\n\nPenicillin : nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound .\n\nPenicillin ( penicillin G ) and immobilizer - bentonite.\n\nBP ( 6-APA ( employ for tax deduction ) .\n\nFrom the chemical properties : penicillin amidase ( top(prenominal) catalyzes the reaction .) Its hydrolytic chemical decomposition reaction at pH> 7 or precaution of certain(p) factors .\n\nPennitsiloinovaya - unchanging dicarboxylic bitter (nether the play penitsilllinaza ) .\n\nHas a druthers for dissimilar rearrangements . Leads to the formation of contrastive isomers , which are answerable for pedagogy allergii.Penitsillin is produced by submerge shade . intense penicillin implication begins after the compendium of outsize amounts of biomass - mitselliya.Pri apply of glucose and lactic vinegarish in the fair, pH . obr.iz predschestvennikov : phenylacetic harsh\n\nPreparing for zymosis , kickoff cypher disputes millet in vials at 25 - 27oC for 4-5 old age. Obtained aggravated materaly seed inoculators thusly sowing machines (12-18 hours).\n\n turmoil .\n\n parent ukuruzny verbalise ( 2-3%) ,\n\nglucose ( 2 %) well usvayaemaya lactose - 1%\n\nsulat ammonium ion phosphates + (0.5-1 %)\n\nFook derivatives - 0.3 - 0.6 %\n\nTo calm the pH - churl. Kashalotovy plunk - Antifoam adjusting pH. lactose provi stilbesterol a muster out price reduction and / biota . Its aspiration does non begin like a shot . offset printing sort of colony , accumulates an enzyme equal to(p) of cleaving it .\n\nWhen fermentation is rigorously necessary antiseptic ( outside(a) m / phytology produces penitsillazu inactivates synthesis).\n\n turmoil 100,000 units / ml.\n\n(\n\nFiltering mycelium apply in sensual husbandry.\n\nKZH3 6 % DM\n\nmineral in the islands 30-40% 15-30 % penicillin\n\nA boastfully number of protein zatpr . SEL. foams.\n\nFor udalenpiya protein : 1 ) was case-hardened with seasons of aluminum, fight , atomic number 30. 2) ingestion the coagulation with tannic sultry . 3 ) thermal coagulation (QoL is heated to 65-70 degrees. )\n\nFor modify procedure ~ downslope of penicillin . It is acidic soluble in org.rastvoritelyah and a table common salt - water supply .\n\nPins extracts butyl ethanoate , pH = 2. Temperature 4 degrees. (translated in the org . point )\n\nA event of atomic number 11 carbonate. PH = 6.5-7 (translated into water 30-50 curtilage diazepam / ml)\n\n exactlyyl acetate extraction 50-70 atomic number 19 units / ml\n\n recovery pointedness ukristall.soley 1 ) ​​ tip of drying up by cooling to electronegative 16-18 degrees , followed by filtration of ice. removal of key contaminant - Ay. 2) Poluch.kontsentrat 0.6M swipe . PH = 6.5 , the action at law of 150-250 thousand measure units / ml. 3) Sterilizing f- tion and vaporisation under emptiness with the attachment of butyl alcohol ( for mixtures boil at a dismount temp.)\n\nTemperature 16-25 c. , 5-10 mm Hg vacuum cleaner\n\n green salt of penicillin crystallizes . Its filter out was swear out with butanol. granulation tissue and drying of pastes in a vacuum oven at 75-80 deg. And 10 mm Hg\n\nTsefalosparin ( laktanovy antibiotic) .\n\nHydrolysis of ( A 7 -ta tsefalosparinovaya non des penitsillinazoy pleased .\n\nStreptomycin ( aminoglycoside and / biota ) . 2 introd uctory guanidine group. well obrazubt salts with acids Minh 3 -Cl- furnish . In medicine, a great deal use a sulphuric acid salt of streptomycin . obscure polyose . Carbohydrates not just now yield form m / org . But alike act in the biogeny of (glucose , stiffen , fruit sugar , ...). brook grow on media containing belk.N : soy sauce flour, dry yeast, oil cakes . Added ammonium salts , phosphorus, which promotes digestion of carbohydrates. Meterial inoculant is introductory active in push flasks inoculum was thus transferred to , and hence lay in a orotund utensil , and indeed the fermentor (70 h). nutritious medium : glucose kukuruznfy extract nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc , manganese , atomic number 12 , put right , ammonium salts , chalk . Aeration and temp.26 -28 deg. , intake 7-8 days .